Introduction
This book, written by an Englishman who is a member of various British Agricultural Societies, is a combination of lively notes of travel with the serious and exhaustive discussion of an industry which the author has long been recommending to the notice of British colonists. Incidentally he gives interesting information with regard to the agricultural and fruit growing possibilities of Asia Minor, especially as concerns the success which German colonists have had in raising the vine in the neighbourhood of Smyrna. But his main object is to point out the possibilities and explain the processes of silk - culture as practiced in the Levant.
A long residence in China some twenty years ago convinced Mr. Cochran that the cultivation of the Tea - plant and of the Silk - worm might profitably be introduced in certain parts of Queen Victoria’s dominions; and on his return to England he preached this belief so vigorously in the press and elsewhere, that, largely as a result of his words, Tea - farming was taken up on a great scale in Ceylon and in India. But the general adoption of sericulture in the east has been longer deferred, owing to the diseases which, for many years, had been raging among the silk - worms in China and which threatened the success of fresh enterprises of the sort. A few years ago, however, M. Pasteur devoted himself to examining these maladies and to providing a cure; and his lessons having been put in practice in the Levant, Mr. Cochran spent a season there for the purpose of studying the results. These, as seen in the large establishment near Smyrna of Mr. Griffitt - who although an English citizen, has for many years been the consul of the United States - proved to be entirely satisfactory. In his book Mr. Cochran exhibits this fact in a clear way, and gives full accounts, carefully illustrated, of the whole process.

Preface

Whether the reader be a professional man, a manufacturer, or a trader, there is likely to arrive a period in his life when a change of climate and scene, however brief, will be required for the resuscitation of his jaded faculties; and probably no such change could be more complete and beneficial in every respect than a trip in a Cunard steamer along the Mediterranean. Accordingly, for the benefit partly of all hard workers, the following notes of the writer’s experience during a recent voyage to, and a short residence in, Turkey have been penned. I refrain from naming any particular season of the year for such a trip as being either the best or one to be avoided. The time of each one’s going must clearly depend on personal convenience as much as on other considerations. In my own case the date was fixed without regard to temperature, serene skies, or a placid ocean; I required to reach one of the Levantine ports before the end of March, 1885, so the cold of a boisterous February, and the swell of the tumbling Atlantic had to be faced as best I could, in the hope that the union of a search after health, and the prosecution of some important inquiries, might not prove incompatible.

LIST OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS

PROLOGUE

DEALING WITH THE PERIOD BETWEEN 1861 AND 1885

Chapter I
Liverpool to Gibraltar. - Mediterranean routes - Start from Liverpool The docks - Breakfast on board - The passengers - Off Holyhead Skerry rocks - Gaps at the dinner - table - Neptune claims tributeUproar on deck - General suffering below - Gradual recovery - Bay of Biscay passed - Accident to a clergyman - Portuguese coast - Cintra and Cape Rocco - Mouth of the Tagus - ish mountains - Strait of Gibraltar - Political squabble in the saloon - Off to bed.

Chapter II
Gibraltar to Malta - Magnificent sunrise - Literary fever - Our rhymster - Our "Ancient Mariner" - Granada and Almeria mountains - Sierra Nevadas peaks - Malaga - Cape Gata - Algeria - Tgwn of Oran - Another exquisite sunrise - Mountains of Algeria - " Tail end of a sirocco "Gulf of Tunis - Galita islands - Pantellaria island - The "Ancient Mariner" on caddies an’ grapes - Divine service - Glimpses of Sicily - Mount Etna - Speed of steamer reduced - Literary activity - Malta at early morn’ - Scene from the deck - Grand Harbour - Fort St. Angelo - Difficulties, on landing - Valetta - Strada Santa Lucia, or street of steps - Priests everywhere - The Governor’s Palace - Church of St. John - Priestly intolerance - The forts - Our departure.

Chapter III
Malta to Syra and Smyrna: - Injured clergyman left at Malta - Cape Coast of’ Greece - Mount Elias - Imposing landscape - Fog Speed reduced - Stoppage - Island of.Cerigo, birth - place of Venus - Lacedaemonia - Cervi - Cape Malea - Distant view of Candia - Herm it’s hut and chapel - Melos - Seriphos - Siphnos - Serpho Poulo - Karavi - Belo Poulo - Falconera - Island of Syra - Sights of Syra - Churches and flowers - Torturing an octopus - School attendance - Great men of Syra - Departure - Gulf of Smyrna - Mimas peak - Sunrise in the gulf - The Turkish fort Sanjak Kalissi - Fertile peninsula - Agamemnon’s Baths - First glimpse of Smyrna - Termination of the voyage.

Chapter IV
Preliminaries of the Silk Harvest - Hospitably entertained - Made a member of Greek and European clubs - Object of visit - Mr. John Griffitt of Bournabat - His sericultural efforts - Regenerated eggs - Beginning of season’s distribution of eggs - Hagelar village - Pictures of the peasantry - Anxiety to get eggs - Their homes, splendours, and hospitality - A false family - Musical names and lar.guage - Change of scene to Magnesia - Distinguished travelling companions - Scenes on the railway - Magnesia - Statue do Cybele, or Niobe - An impostor defeated - Village of Chobanissa - Camel encampment - Sardis.

Chapter V
The Mulberry. - Varieties - Dlorus alba the best for silkworms - Mistaken, views in America and elsewhere - Merits and demerits of other kinds Feeding for colour - Chief silk - producing countries - Management of seedlings in France - Plantations - Captain Mason of Yateley, Hampshire, an authority on silk - farming - Fortune’s silk experiences in China - Schuyler’s experiences in Turkestan - Mr. John Griffitt’s experience in Asia Minor - Seedlings, cuttings, and layering - Pruning, the maorus alba - Scarcity of leaves not common in China - Plantations isolated from magnaneries - Scene in China during leaf harvest Partial leaf - famine at Bournabat - Plan for tiding over a scarcity of mulberry leaves - Ensilage of leaves.

Chapter VI
Graine Distribution. - At Bournabat - Rush of the peasantry to obtain regenerated eggs - Scenes at the distribution - Greek, Turkish, French and English, all being spoken at once - Cross - examination. to prevent imposture - Applicants kept in check by one another - A twelve - miles’ drive - Little military station - Black Turkish coffee without sugar - Approach to Nymphio - Ruined palace of Andronicus the youngerCherry orchards gay with blossom - Prancing up the main street of Nymphio - Eager crowd waiting for silkworms’ eggs - Distribution
` from the house of a vineyard - owner - Premature hatching - Spend the night at Nymphio - The village doctor - Scene with a suspicious old lady next morning - Surronndings of the town - A ride into the brigand region - Turkish military escort - Scenes by the way - Rockhewn bas - relief of Rameses II, commonly called Sesostris, believed to be the oldest piece of carving in the world - Sketching under the protection of four loaded rifles - Wretched roads - Return.

Chapter VII
The Nursery and its Appliances. - Mr. Griffitt’s observations - Tribute to M. Louis Pasteur - Nurseries should be airy and clean - Hints as to educations - Ventilation and beating - Suggestions as to stoves - The incubator - Thermometer and hygrometer - Leaf cutter - Pierced papers and their advantages - Stands and frames - The microscope The cocoon - steamer.

Chapter VIII
Turkey Carpets. - Probable origin of the carpet - Were made in Asia Minor before Homer’s time - Very ancient industry in India and Africa - In Britain and France - Dutch carpet loom - Duke of Cumbergland, an encourager of the industry - About Turkey carpets - Oushak Ghiordes and Koula, places of manufacture - Something about Oushak - Its inaccessibility - Carpets brought to railway station eighty miles on camel - back - European machinery tried and abandoned - Particulars of spinning, dyeing, and manufacture - Novelties not appreciated by the weavers - Story about a carpet - The Messrs. Griffitt of Smyrna.

Chapter IX
Educating the Silkworm. - Mr. John Griffitt’s experiences - Decline of sericulture in Turkey - Regeneration of silkworms - Preparing for incubation - Feeding - Disposal of the young worms at different elevations - Give abundance of space - Feed with dry leaves - Perfect cleanliness required - The critical age - Use disinfectants, and give fresh air - Incubating in France and Italy - Moulting periods - Quantities of food devoured - Italian estimates - Maturity hastened by heat - Chinese ideas - Debernardi on feeding - Miss Bird’s observations in Japan - Explanation of seeming incongruities - Mr. Griffitt on incubation - On the various ages, and how the sericulturist should act - On periods of feeding - On the monltings - Total food consumption - On mounting to spin - Gathering the cocoons - Separating the perfect cocoons for gratine - Steaming.

Chapter X
Greek Institutions of Smyrna. - Anniversary of assertion of Greek independence - Patriotic displays - Estimate of the population - Reason for Greek increase - Facts about Greece - King George - The Greek prelates in Smyrna, Archbishop Basilius and Bishop Athanasius Kyrilos - Story of the latter - Celebration of Easter - A midnight orgie - The Greek Hospital - Greek munificence to their institutions - Eagerness for education - Greek veneration for Mr. Gladstone Greek pride in Lord Cochran - Items in the Cochran genealogy - Rev. Mr. Hill and Mrs. Hill of Athens - Story of two American missionaries and a little Greek maiden - Rev. Mr. Hill’s educational triumphs.

Chapter XI
Mysteries of Reproduction. - Selecting the cocoons - Discriminative examination for sex - Stringing the cocoons for reproduction - Issue of the moths - Difference in appearance between the sexes - Coupling the moths - Laying eggs on inclined surfaces - An exception in the Bagdad moth - Caution against contamination - Removing the eggs - Preserving the graine - Consignment of graine - Pasteur’s cellular system - Method of producing cellular graine - Mr. Griffitt’s invigorating practice - Twelve rules for sericulturists.

Chapter XII
Three Turkish Institutions. - Smyrna - Turkey improving - Hospitality - The konak - Barracks - The Hospital - Achmet Kiazim Effendi - Merits of the Hospital - A suggested improvement - The Hospital gardens - The Industrial School for Orphan Boys - Yousuf Zia Effendi - Scenes inside the institution - The School of Commerce and Agriculture - Meliemed Noury Bey.

Chapter XIII
Diseases of the Silkworm. - Rapid progress of, in France - Beginning of the industry there - Climax of its prosperity - Diagram of silk harvests from 1821 to 1881 - Decadence - Pebrine in Lombardy - The hunt for undiseased eggs - Every country smitten, except Japan - A wail of anguish from France - Pasteur employcd - His success in probing the secrets of disease - Flacherie in France - Pasteur’s microscope the conqueror - Something about pebrine - Experiments - Proved to be both hereditary and contagious - Method of detection - Chinese ideas on the subject - Precautions formerly taken in France - Anecdote of Arles - No known cure for peUrine, but it can be warded off - b’lackerie - Pasteur’s researches - Microscope again employed - Lady Claud Hamilton’s translation of Pasteur’s labours recommended - Mr. John Griffitt on Flacherie - Is an accidental, but contagious disease - His experiments - Lessons inculcated - Pasteur’s views summarized - Causes of Flacherie - Dissection of the chrysalis and explanation - Tests for detecting the disease - Muscardine - Its symptoms - Is owing to a parasitic plant - Cause and prevention.

Chapter XIV
Use of the Microscope in Sericulture. - Early history of the instrument - Microscope recommended - Method of procedure - An examination for pebrine - Difference between corpuscles and fat globules - Observations should be registered - Method of counting the corpuscles on a disc - Inspecting for reproduction - Pasteur’s advice to silk - farmers - Care and cleanliness of the apparatus.

Chapter XV
Agriculture around Smyrna. - The Scottish farmer - Features of Asia Minor - Vilayet of Aidin - The soil - Its products - German vineyards near Koukloudjah - Mr. Griffitt of Bournabat - Statistics by His Excellency Hussein Hilmi Effendi - His Excellency Kemal Bey, governor of Rhodes - Means of irrigation - Halka Bounar, or Diana’s Bath - Fountains of Nymphio - Field labour - Vagabonds from Greek islands - Ionian cultivators - Amusing letter of a pauper - The mendicant element - Cost of labour - Value of land - Vine a source of wealth - Turkish money - Brigandage curbed by the late governor, His Excellency Hadji Nachid Pasha - Advance in land value at Chobanissa - Defiance of a landowner by Greeks - Advantages to agriculturists in the vilayet of Aidin.

Chapter XVI
Fraudulent Insurers in Smyrna. - An Italian apophthegm - The three scourges of the Levant - Midnight fires - Inflammability of the generality of the native buildings - The slinking incendiary - Enthusiasm for insuring - Losses far exceed the premiums - Difficulty of knowing the honest man from the rascal - Few fires where not insured - Houses bought to be burnt - Native doctor arrested for fire - raising and condemned - Efficient fire - brigade maintained solely by British insurance companies - Precautions against fire - Curious marine insurance dispute - Au impudent claim by a Smyrna shopkeeper - Three shelves of a store magnified into three floors of a warehouse - A consular court wigged by a Constantinople judge.

Chapter XVII
The Smyrna and Aadin Railway. - Introduction - Features of first twenty miles - Stations open to all loafers and beggars - Haunts for the thirsty, and hunting - grounds for pedlars - Ruins of Metropolis near Turbali - Gallessium mountains - M. Fontrier - Pegasaean lake - Kelchie Kaleh - Legend - River Cayster - Ayasouluk, the station for Ephesus - Remains of aqueduct - Stork’s nests - A feverish locality - The Byzantine castle - Mr. Woods, a former excavator at Ephesus - Region of bloom and floral splendour - Train slides down an incline of eight miles, with wheels in iron shoes - The fig country - Azizieh - Windings of the Mmander - Ruins of Magnesia - River Lethe - Poppies grown for opium - Aidin a good market - Omurlu - Kiosk - Figs, olives, and vines every where - Valon i a oak at Chifte Kiosk - Sultan Hissar, the birth - place of Strabo - Atche and Nazli - Kuyujak - Horsunlee, beyond the fruit region - Barley every where - Mount Cadmus - Seraikeuy, the present terminus of the line - Absence, except at one place, of modern agricultural machinery - Get lodgings in a house belonging to the railway company.

Chapter XVIII
Hierapolis and Laodicea. - Seraikeuy village - Fare provided without notice by the Greek landlady - House clean and comfortable - No nocturnal insects - Awakened before dawn by the crowing of countless cocks, and braying of innumerable donkeys - We prepare to ride forth, a party of six - Incidents by the way - Colony of Bulgarians - Ruins of Hierapolis, much exaggerated as to splendour - Rifled tombs - Violated sarcophagi - Solid marble lake - Impressiveness of the scene - Plateau seemingly carved out of the side of the Messogis mountains - The white terraces - Cascades - A weird, wild landscape, difficult to describe - The hot pool - Theatre - Traces of the destructive Goth - Mutilated marble frieze - View from the theatre - The colonnade - The gymnasium - The hot - water conduits - Vast extent of the lime incrustations - Ground much fissured by earthquakes - Tribe of Turkoman nomads - Offer scraps of worthless potsherds - Not dan,erous, but unsavoury - Hot pool inviting f.,r a bath - Oleanders and blossoming pomegranates around - Ride resumed to north - west - Laodicea - Utter desolation - Broken or empty sarcophagi tumbled about all over the hill of approach - Fields of barley, and reapers at work - Discovery of a Greek inscription - Vie return.

Chapter XIX
The Bournabat Silk Harvest of 1885. - Unprecedented success - Smyrna formerly a silk - producer - Extinction of the industry - Mr. Griffitt’s efforts at revival - Distribution of eggs - Terms of distribution - Partnership arrangements - Average educations - Breeds of silkworm - Their regeneration - Silk for fishing - nets - Story of a yellow race - The hybrid race - ,Nun, or negro worms - Weights of the four races - Beginning of an incubation - Feeding - Visiting adjoining sericultnrists - Space necessary for educating one - and - a - half ounces of eggs - Scarcity of leaves for food - Termination of feeding - Bringing in the brushwood - Spinning the cocoons - Reeling live cocoons - Steaming - Stringing for reproduction - Issue of moths - Pioneer worms and moths - Result of the harvest - Rewards to peasant educators - Obligation of Turkish Government to Mr. Griffitt.

Chapter XX
Smyrna to Constantinople. - Steamer arrangements - Beginning of the voyage - Traits of character - An astronomical party - Island of Mitylene - Splendour of the morning sky - tints - The Troad - Tenedos Island - Beshika Bay - Entrance to the Dardanelles - Particulars of the forts and guns - Chanak - The castles of the Dardanelles, ChanakKalesi, and Kilid - bahr - The pottery agent - Strait of Abydos, where celebrated swimmers crossed the Hellespont - Prevalence of cultivation - Gallipoli - Sea of Marmora - Thracian Chersonesus - Rodosto - The nine Prinkipos islands - Approach to Constantinople - The buildings - Mosque of St. Sophia - Galata - Topkhane - Pera - The Bosphorus and its beauties - The Golden Horn.

Chapter XXI
Constantinople. - Difficulty of deciding where to go first - Suggestions - The guide and his fee - List of objects of interest - Probable position of the steamer - Commencement of sight - seeing - The mosque of St. Sophia - Other mosques - The hippodrome and its obelisks - Bronze column from Ephesus - Cisteros of Philoxenus - The Seven Towers - Museum of costumes - Museum of Antiquities - The great bazaars - Genoese watch - tower - View from the summit - The whole a gorgeous panorama - Topkhane - Galata - Pera - Stamboul - Conclusion.

Chapter XXII
German Competition in the East. - Activity of travellers - German consuls more useful than English - Prince Bismarck always on the watch.

Chapter XXIII THE SITES OF THE APOCALYPTIC CHURCHES Ephesus (1). Former visitors to - Situation - Word - picture of - Its ancient features - Temple of Diana - Building and dimensions of - Mount Prion Legends regarding - Other buildings - Se - A of the "Black Art" Destruction of city and temple - etc. Smyrna (2). Early history - Modern volcanic convulsions - Polycarp - Rev. Dr. Norman Macleod - Statistics of - Features of streets - Difficulty of getting about - etc. Pergamos (3). Situation - Ori~,in - Library - Invention of parchment - Extensive ruins - Nautical amphitheatre. Thyatira (4). Limited ancient history - Fame for dyeinb Theatre of stirring scenesScantiness of ancient remains - The modern town - Itinerary. Sardis (5). Position - Defective ancient history - Monarchs - Tomb of AlyattesCrcesus - Lydian pursuits - Overthrow - Extinction. Philadelphia (6). Beauty of approach to - Statistics - Estimating distances - OriginPaucity of ancient remains - Historical account - The modern townLong Christian record - Hospitality of the people - Anecdote of silkfarming - Story of a reaping - machine. Laodicea (7). Directions for reaching - Journey via Hierapolis - Pictures of HierapolisAncient Laodicea - Decline and fall - Present appearance - A personal experience - Conclusion.

Chapter XXIV
Smyrna to Cape Matapan. - Retrospect of past four months - Friendly acquisitions - " Little Earthquake" - How she got the name - Greek Archipelago - Sunrise over lihios - Psara islands - A scene of blood there in 1824 - Nearopont and Andros - Doro Channel - Macro Nisi and Zea islands - Thc Zea Channel - Distant isles - St. Georgio, Belo Poulo, and Karavi islands - Capes Malea and Matapan - Night of gloom and heat - Lacedwmonia - Argument about Spartan austerity - Noble ladies going on the stage - Inconvenient Spartan custom towards bachelors - The Peloponnesian Peninsula - Islands of Cervi and Cerigo - Last glimpse of Greece - Probable origin of the name "Morea"

Chapter XXV
Cape Matapan to Gibraltar. - From calm to storm - Out of the Ægean Sea - Broadest part of the Mediterranean - Account in rhyme of a formerly encountered storm there - An amiable Scotch lady - Malta - Outlying islands of Goza and Comino - Something about the Maltese group - Our departure - Cape Bon, Africa - Tunis and. Cartha,e - Volcanic islands of Zembra and Zembretta - The Galita group - Coral and sponge fisheries - Octupns - catchinj - Reference to Victor Hugo’s `Toilers of the Sea’ - Variety of scenery - Profound depth of the sea - Coast of Spain - Cape de Gata - Almeria, once a nest of pirates - P!Countains of Granada - Towns of Balerma and Elena, Adra Motril, and Torrox - Malaga and its twinkling lights - Something about it - People fond of smuggling - Gibraltar before dawn - Sketchers at q work - Coaling amidst a gale of wind - Remarl;s about "the rock" and its history - Our departure.

Chapter XXVI
Gibraltar to Liverpool. - Gibraltar from the bay - Varying opinions as to the rock among the passengers - O’Hara’s tower - Result of the argument - Aljeciras - Picturesque situation - The steam ferry - A bit of history - Spain and Morocco - Fortress of Ceuta - Apes’ Hill - "A wilderness of monkeys" - Supposed subterranean passage under the strait - Peregil island - Outposts of the Moors - Comparison between Gibraltar and Ceuta - Cape Spartel, Morocco - In the Atlantic Ocean - Trafalgar - Reference to Nelson’s great sea - fight - Cadiz - Byron’s lines on the ladies thereof - Cape St. Vincent - Coast of Portugal - Approach to Lisbon - Cintra - Oporto - Viao Bay, Spain - Care Finisterre - Mount Tremuso - The Camarinas - Cape Villano - Last glimpse of Finisterre - Sunset in the Bay of Biscay - Fog and danger - Steam - whistle and bell join; - Ushant - Scilly islands - Land’s End - Cape Clear - St. George’s Channel - South Stack - Anglesea - The pilot - Arrival at Liverpool.

EPILOGUE


Illustrations ...
1- Moutfi Of The Tagus

2- Galita Islands

3- Pantellaria, An Italian Volcanic Island

4- Maltese Lady In Walking-Attire

5- Mount Elias, Greece

6- Cerigo Island, Greece

7- Island Of Candia, A Distant View

8- Hermit's Chapel, Hut, And Grotto, Malea

9- Island Of Karavi

10- Approach To The Greek Island Syra From S.E.

11- Agadiebino!V's Baths, Bay Of Smyrna

12- First Glimpse Of Smyrna

13- Rock-Hewn Statue Of Niore, Near Magnesia

14- Encampment Of Camels, Plain Near Sardis

15- Method Of Pruning The Mulberry During Four Years

16- Rock Bas-Relief Of Sesostris Or Rameses II.

17- The Incubator, For Hatching Silkworms

18- Knife For Shredding Muleepry Leaves

19- Pierced-Paper Silkworm Tray

20- Frame On Which Silkworm Are Fed

21- Syrian Silk-Reeler At Work

22- Size And Appearance Of The Average Silkworm During First Eight Days

23- Size And Appearance Of The Average Silkworm During Second Age

24- Size And Appearance Of The Average Silkworm During Third Age

25- Size And Appearance Of The Average Silkworm During Fourth Age

26- Size And Appearance Of The Average Silkworm During Last Age

27- The Silkworm Mounting To Spin

28- Arranging Brushwood For Spinning Silkworms

29- Male And Female Cocoons Strung For Reproduction

30- Female Moth Pinned To Cloth For Examination

31- Appearance Presented By A Silkworm Afflicted With "Pebrine "

32- Diagram Showing Highly Corpusculous Graine

33- Diagram Showing Young Corpuscles About To Develop

34- Segment Of A Corpusculous Worm Magnified

35- A Silkworm Dead Of "Flaciierie"

36- The Vibriones Of "Flacherie". Magnified

37- Ferments From Stomach Of Chrysalis With "Flacherie"

38- A Dissected Chrysalis Showing Internal Organs

39- "Botrytis Bassiana," Or Silkworm Mildew, Magnified

40- Method Of Counting Corpuscles On The Microscope Field

41- Village Of Koukloudjah By Moonlight

42- Marble-Fronted Houses, Smyrna

43- Kelchie Kaleh, Or Goat's Castle

44- Ayasouluk, Near Ephesus

45- Windings Of The River Meander And Mount Cadmus

46- Turkish Dragoman And Guard

47- Riding Forth Before Dawn

48- Bulgarian Farmer And Boy

49- Hierapolis, As Seen From Laodicea

50- Greek Copper Brazier For Heating Rooms

51- Picking And Shredding Mulberry Leaves For Early Feeding

52- Female Moths Of White And Sellow Races

53- Entrance To The Dardanelles From Mediterranean

54- Town Of Gallipoli, North-East End Of Dardanelles

55- Islands Of Marmora And Araplar, Sea Of Marmora

56- The Sea Of Marmora And Princes Islands

57- Bridge Of Boats, Connecting Stamboul And Galata, Constantinople

58- Entrance To Golden Horn, As Seen From Pera, Constantinople

59- Type Of The Constantinople Jewish Guide

60- The Hippodrome, St. Sophia, And Obelisk, Constantinople

61- Old Seraglio Enclosure, Skutari In Distance, Constantinople

62- Moda Bay, Near Skutari, Asiatic Side Of Bosphorus

63- Mosques Illuminated During Ramizan, Constantinople

64- Imperial Kiosk Of White Marble, On The Bosphorus

65- Narrows Of Bosphorus, Looking Towards The Black Sea

66- Narrows Of Bosphorus, Looking Towards Constantinople

67- Rumli Hissar, An Old Genoese Castle, Bospiiorus

68- Rumli Hissar, And Anadolu Hissar, Bosphorus

69- Entrance To Black Sea, As Seen From Buyukdere Bay, Bosphorus

70- Group Of Turkoman Gypsies, Therapia, Bosphorus

71- Village Of Dede Agatch, Roumelia

72- Ships Loading Grain In The Bay Of Dede Agatch

73- The Island Of Khios, Gulf Of Smyrna

74- Group Of Dancing Dervishes, Preparing To Twirl

75- Ziebec, Or Turkish Mountaineer

76- Turkish Irregular Forces

77- A Greek Brigand Captain And Lieutenant

78- A Brigand In Albanian Holiday Costume

79- Doro Channel, Andros, And Negropont Island

80- Part Of The Grand Harbour, Malta

81- Cape Bon, The Eastern Extremity Of The Gulf Of Tunis

82- Almeria Bay, West Side, The Malahacen And Balerma

83- General View From The Bay Of Gibraltar

84- Cape Spartel, North West Point Of Morocco

85- Cape Finisterre

86- Cape Villano, The South-East Extremity Of The Bay Of Biscay

87- The Irish Coast, Cape Clear, And War-Ship

88- The Pilot-Boat Off Point Lynus, Anglesea